INNOVATION

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SOLAR E-BIKE

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As we all know the fuel prices especially the petrol is rising steadily day by day. Again the pollution due to vehicles in metro cities & urban areas is increasing continuously. To overcome these problems, an effort is being made to search some other alternative sources of energy for the vehicles.

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​Again, it is also not affordable to purchase vehicles (mopeds, scooters or motorcycles) for all the class of society. Keeping this in mind, a search for some way to cater these economically poor people as well as to provide a solution for the environmental pollution was in progress. The solar assisted bicycle developed is driven by DC motor fitted in front or rear axle housing & operated by solar energy. The solar panels mounted on the carriage will charge the battery & which in turn drive the hub motor. When the bicycle is idle, the solar panel will charge the battery. This arrangement will replace the petrol engine, the gear box & the fuel tank in case of a two wheeler or a chain sprocket, chain & gear shifting arrangement of a conventional bicycle being used by most common man. [9] As a part of dissertation work, the solar assisted bicycle is fitted with a dc hub motor on front axle of a bicycle with power rating of 250W and with a travelling speed of around 25-30 kmph. It is provided with a pair of lead acid batteries of 35 Ah each, a photovoltaic solar panel with capacity of 20 watt, a voltage regulator of 24v 10 Amp, accelerator and motor controller of 24v 25Amp. There is also a provision for charging of the battery with 220-240V, AC wall outlet supply, in case of poor solar supply due to cloudy weather. As what had been mention earlier, there are several types of bicycle that can be categories that is paddle bicycle, motorized bicycle, and electric bicycle. The weakness of the bicycle make people do not like to used bicycle. First, paddle bicycle need a lot of energy to paddle the bicycle. The user will surely be tired after used the bicycle. This will not suitable for student to use to go to the class because they will be tired when they are in the class and will lost their concentration while hearing the lecture. Next, motorize bicycle that used fuel as it prime mover. The bicycle use fuel that is costly. As a student, their allowance is limited and only can be used for their study material and for their food to survive at the campus. Besides that, motorize bicycle will make pollution that can be very bad for our environment especially in this period that global warming happen to the earth. Lastly, electric bicycle that generate by battery can be only be sufficient for about an hour. The user needs to find power supply to

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PROJECT METHODOLOGY

 

Solar Cells/ Panels

 

As the title suggests the bicycle is operated by solar energy. The lead acid battery is charged with solar energy with the help of a solar cell. Solar cells convert the energy of sunlight directly into electricity through the use of the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect involves the creation of a voltage into an electro-magnetic radiation. The photoelectric and photovoltaic effects are related to sunlight, but are different in that electrons are ejected from a material’s surface upon exposure to radiation of sufficient energy in photoelectric, and generated electrons are transferred to different bands of valence to conduction within the material, resulting in the build-up of voltage between two electrodes in photovoltaic.

 

SPV Charge Controller:

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It is essential to regulate the voltage output from the solar panel before it is supplied to the battery. A voltage regulator is a power converter with an output DC voltage greater than the input DC voltage. This is used to regulate an input voltage to a higher regulated voltage. The output of the solar panel is not always be stable due to fluctuations in intensity of sunlight, angular changes with respect to the direction of sunlight, as well as other environmental factors. This is the voltage regulator/Boost Converter comes into SAB. The output of the solar panel is the input of the boost converter, which then outputs into the battery for charging. Because the output of the solar panel will be varying constantly, we need a voltage regulator/boost converter that will take an input from a wide range of voltages and output a specific, constant voltage value. A voltage regulator/boost converter is a power converter that will take in a DC voltage and output a higher value DC voltage. Our voltage regulator/boost converter requires output of the solar panel, which can range from 0V to 27.2V, and output for charging of the battery. We were initially attracted to the SPV Instruments (Fig.5, Fig.6) Module because it has the characteristics of taking in an input range of 9.6V to 13.2V and outputting 24V at a maximum of 2-3 amps .This SPV has an area of 2.5 square inches so it is also small in size, which makes it very feasible to be placed anywhere on the bicycle. We go thought the battery voltage & we need to supply 24V in order to charge it

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  PIC CONTROLLER:

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Here we use PIC16F72 controller to control the electric bicycle system. In this electric bicycle system some components are installed such as brushless dc motor, PIC controller, battery and dynamo, so here required to controller for controlling the different component of electric bicycle system. There are different functions of this controller such as under voltage protection, over current protection, control power supply, also to drive and control the Brushless dc motor. There are different signal were transmitted to pin of PIC controller to drive and control brushless dc motor, such as current detection signal, motor speed control signal, capacity detection system. In this PIC16F72 controller has 28 pins, 22 I/O pins that are user configurable on a pin-to-pin basis. There are 35 number of instruction in this PIC controller. The operating frequency is 20 MHz Also in this controller there are three I/O port are use such as PORTA, PORTB and PORTC and three Timers are use Timer0, Timer1 and Timer2. In this pin diagram RA1, RA4 and RA5 pin there are transmitted speed control, helping signal, current detection signal. The current detection signal use here because, if any heavy current situation electric bicycle is running at heavy load the current is increasing in motor. Then it will be damages winding of motor and component of motor. Here required current detection signal for controlling the current. Also there are under voltage protection is required because of avoid the low voltage supply, which is affect on electric bicycle running normally, then controller should be provide capacity checking. The voltage consists with resistance then it transmitted to PIC controller. If voltage supply signal transmitted to PIC controller then checking supply voltage.

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BATTERRY:

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Lead acid batteries are one of the most popular types of battery in electronics. Although slightly lower in energy density than lithium metal, lead acid is safe, provided certain precautions are met when charging and discharging. Current supplied from battery indicates the flow of energy from the battery and is measured in amperes (or Amps). The higher the current flow faster the battery will discharge. A battery is rated in ampere-hours (abbreviated Ah) and this is called the battery capacity. This project revolves around supplying and utilizing energy within a high voltage battery. It demands for a battery with longer running hours, lighter weight with respect to its high output voltage and higher energy density. Among all the existing rechargeable battery systems, the lead acid cell technology is the most efficient and practical choice for the desired application. The battery chosen for this project was a high capacity lead acid battery pack designed specifically for vehicles. Plastic casing is provided to house the internal components of the battery.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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